By using electron transport system and oxidative phosphorylation steps, the cell utilizes energy stored in NADH + H+ and FADH formed during glycolysis and Krebs cycle. The Electron Transport System also called the Electron Transport Chain is a metabolic pathway present in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where electrons available from oxidation of NADH and FADH2… Read More »
Introduction : Glucose happens to be important and common fuel for many organisms. The process of breaking down of glucose in multistep manner to extract energy present in its C-C bonds (chemical bonds) is called “Cellular Respiration“. Only green plants, Algae and Cyanobacteria have the ability to prepare their own food by the process of… Read More »
Earth came into existence some 4.5 billions year ago and based on the fossil evidence from ancient rocks of Greenland, the life on earth dates to 3.7 billion years ago. The organisms that existed for the first two billions years, after the origin of life, were all anaerobic organisms. These organisms managed to survive and… Read More »
The cytoplasm (in eukaryotes) is the fluid content inside the plasma membrane excluding the nucleus and its contents. It means, all the organelles plus their contents, cytoplasmic matrix / fluid, macromolecules and ions put together constitutes “cytoplasm”. Sometimes it is important to differentiate between the cytosol and the cytoplasm. The cytosol is defined as all… Read More »