By using electron transport system and oxidative phosphorylation steps, the cell utilizes energy stored in NADH + H+ and FADH formed during glycolysis and Krebs cycle. The Electron Transport System also called the Electron Transport Chain is a metabolic pathway present in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where electrons available from oxidation of NADH and FADH2… Read More »
Photosynthesis is a process where green plants and some other organisms (algae and some bacteria – such as Proteobacteria , Chloroflexi, Chlorobi and cyanobacteria ) uses trapped sunlight to convert carbon di oxide and water to produce chemical energy in the form of carbohydrates (most commonly glucose) and oxygen. In other words, photosynthesis is a process… Read More »
Cell happen to be fundamental unit of life. New cells will arise from existing cells. A cell will divide to give rise to two cells and these two cells can form four cells and so on. This is termed as “Cell reproduction” or “Cell division“. Cell division usually occur by Mitosis or Meiosis . Following… Read More »
In the previous posts we looked into eukaryotic cell division (Mitosis) and its regulation at checkpoints. Today we will discuss about another important type of cell division called as Meiosis. Introduction : Meiosis is a special kind of cell division that occur in germ cells of sexually reproducing organisms, where it reduces the chromosome number… Read More »
All the living organisms, even the enormous ones, start their journey from a single cell. The process through which cells originate from existing living cells is called as cell division. Each cell have the ability to divide into two daughters cells (In mitosis), which again can grow and divide. This after many cycles (of growth… Read More »
Nucleic acids accounts for one of the four major biological macromolecules, which carry genetic blueprint of a cell and are essential for proper functioning of the cell. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA) are two important nucleic acids which help in carrying genetic information and are made up of nucleotide monomers. Even though both… Read More »
The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is essential for the storage and utilization of genetic information. The contents of the nucleus are enclosed by a complex nuclear envelope that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. The nucleus of a non-mitotic cell contains: Chromosomes, highly extended nucleoprotein fibers, also called chromatin. An irregularly shaped electron-dense structure,… Read More »
All the living organisms on this planet are made up of cells. They can be divided into two groups : Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Prokaryotes are single celled or colonial organisms, where the cell is surrounded by cell membrane or plasma membrane and lacks a defined nucleus (as found in eukaryotic cell). These cells are of… Read More »
Every living creature on this planet Earth needs to extract energy from the dietary food, a process termed as Catabolism ( breaking down of complex molecules into simpler molecules to yield maximum energy, eg: Glucose gets converted by a process involving Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and electron transport chain – to yield ATP). The opposite cellular… Read More »
Amino acids (aa) are the building blocks of proteins, which happens to be one of the 4 important biological macromolecules. Amino acids are organic compounds made up of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, along with a variable side chain group. All amino acids share a similar fundamental structure. The central carbon atom, or also termed as… Read More »